Gambling is a type of risky behavior where people wager money or materials of value on an outcome that is unpredictable, such as the roll of a dice, spin of a roulette wheel or the result of a horse race. It is a common form of entertainment for many people, but it can become problematic when the harms outweigh the enjoyment.
Like any addiction, gambling can cause a variety of problems, such as relationship breakdown, financial stress, family violence, mental illness and even suicide. The risks can be even more severe for those who are in vulnerable groups, including low incomes, the elderly, children and young people. Gambling also increases social inequalities, exacerbates poverty and contributes to the erosion of civil society.
Problem gambling can be difficult to spot, especially when the person isn’t displaying obvious symptoms such as cravings or withdrawal. But if you have any of these signs, it’s important to seek help. Symptoms to look out for include:
Experiencing trouble controlling finances – do you hide cash or credit cards to gamble? Do you ever gamble longer than intended, or increase your bets in a bid to win back lost money? Do you think about gambling all the time, even when you’re at work or home? Do you use gambling to relieve boredom or sadness?
The psychology behind gambling involves the brain’s reward pathways. When you win, your brain releases dopamine, which reinforces the behaviour and motivates you to repeat it. This is why it’s so hard to quit. But you can take steps to reduce your vulnerability by limiting your access to money and environments. Put a stop to your online betting accounts, limit your credit cards to a single card and make sure you have only a small amount of cash on you.
Avoid tempting environments such as casinos, sports arenas and pubs. Keep a diary of the times you gamble and why, and look for triggers like external pressures or specific emotions. Try to recognise the triggers so you can avoid them in future.
The best way to combat the problem is by reducing your or your loved one’s exposure to gambling products. This includes removing advertising and promotions, providing universal pre-commitment and self-exclusion (allowing people to set binding limits on the money they spend), and restrictions on access and availability such as hours of operation, density, and signage. It’s also important to define what constitutes gambling, so that laws can be clear and robust in regulating the industry. This will protect the public and prevent exploitation. In addition, education programs that convey messages about the harms of gambling are essential. In particular, this should focus on people at higher risk, including men and young people. These are at the highest risk of developing gambling disorders. They are also more likely to use the product as a means of escapism or as a source of thrill, and are therefore more susceptible to addictive behaviors.